Recognizing the Different Stages of a Laboring Ewe

For ten years, I had the privilege of working with young expectant mothers and fathers. I taught them about the birthing process, what to expect, and how to work alongside of their bodies to bring forth new life. Now, I work with bred ewes, but there is nothing to teach them, as it all comes instinctively. Knowing what “normal” labor looks like in a ewe, prepares you to recognize when a ewe is having a difficult labor and birth. With this understanding, you can be prepared to assist when necessary or to simply stand back and let nature take its course.A laboring ewe represents the perfect picture of the natural birth process, working with her body to bring the lamb into the world. A healthy ewe can labor, and deliver her lambs completely on her own.

First Signs of  Labor

There are several signs that a ewe is going into labor. She may appear hollow just in front of her hips. Her vulva will be bright pink and her udder will be swollen and teats distended.  A ewe in early labor will stay on her feet, walking, shifting her weight from side to side, arching and stretching her back.  They will keep themselves nourished, nibbling hay, drinking, or even chewing their cud.  As contractions begin, the ewe stands still, closing her eyes and breathing deeply. Once the contraction passes, she goes back to walking and eating. As the ewe’s contractions become more frequent, she no longer wants food, as she must focus her attention on each contraction. At times, ewes may squat or sway with each contraction, helping to get the lamb in the correct position.

Recognizing Hard Labor

Once hard labor begins, the ewe begins to push. First, she paws at the ground, as though making her nest. Laying down, with her nose in the air, she works hard during each contraction. You may see what looks like a large bubble or water bag. When the bag breaks, amniotic fluid flows out in a gush. Often the ewe will nicker to her lamb, as if to encourage him along the way. Sometimes, the ewe will stand in between these contractions or change her position, but with each contraction, she lies down to push. Lambs enter the world with their front feet and nose first. Once you see the hooves and nose, you can be sure the lamb is in the correct position.  It often takes several pushes to get the lamb out entirely. Once born, the ewe speaks to her lamb in soft nickers as she cleans and nuzzles him.

The Last Stage of Labor

The last stage of labor involves the expulsion of the placenta. Typically, the placenta is expelled within an hour after delivery, though I have seen it take longer. As you begin to see the afterbirth, resist the temptation to pull on it. Pulling on it could cause it to tear, leaving a piece inside of the ewe. Any tissue left inside of the ewe can result in a serious infection. Sometimes, a ewe will eat the placenta once it is delivered.

Although I no longer teach childbirth classes, I am blessed to have this rhythm of keeping watch over new life on our farm. With each season, I am reminded of the shear miracle of birth. With each delivery, I stand in awe of the process.

A Shepherd’s Guide to Lambing Season

Understanding the natural process behind labor and delivery is the key to feeling confident during lambing season. I have put together an ebook, A Shepherd’s Guide to Lambing Season, which will give you the knowledge you need to face your next lambing season with confidence.